Japan

In a sealed military compound outside Harbin, in the Japanese-occupied region of Manchuria, a facility operated for nearly a decade under the bureaucratic name “Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department of the Kwantung Army.” Inside, thousands of people — Chinese civilians, Soviet and Mongolian prisoners, Korean detainees, and an unknown number of others — were used as subjects in experiments that included deliberate infection with plague, cholera, and anthrax; vivisection without anesthesia; and frostbite testing that left limbs blackened and rotting. ...